eusebius of nicomedia vs eusebius of caesarea

So also in his epistle to the holy Alexander, the teacher of the great Athanasius, which begins thus: `With what anxiety and with what care have I set about writing this letter,' in most open blasphemy he speaks as follows concerning Arius and his followers: `Thy letter accuses them of saying that the Son was made out of nothing, like all men. VI, pp. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. This work was addressed to Constantine (Vit. I. And he, feeling repentance as he pretends, and against his will, confesses to his infirmity; although by his repentance he rather shows that he has not repented. For the labours of the two friends on the text of the New Testament the reader may be referred to Rousset, "Textcritische Studien zum N. T.", c. ii. In the last three books the comparison of Moses with Plato is continued, and the mutual contradictions of other Greek Philosophers, especially the Peripatetics and Stoics, are exposed and criticized." It makes all the bishops equivalently say that before they received the episcopate they had for some time exercised the duties of the priesthood. 330 sqq. This work gives a short biography of each Prophet and an account of his prophecies. An epitome, very probably from the hand of Eusebius, of this work was discovered and published by Mai in 1825. Besides the passage quoted in the council, other parts of the letter to Constantia are extant. Const., III, 11; Sozomen, Church History I.19). 403 sqq., and ibid. Little is known about the life of Eusebius. of Christ. ", VIII, 1143-1147; Mansi, "Conc. "For who of the faithful ones in the Church, and who of those who have obtained a knowledge of true doctrine, does not know that Eusebius Pamphili has given himself over to false ways of thinking, and has become of the same opinion and of the same mind with those who follow after the opinions of Arius? A portion of this letter has been preserved in the Acts of the second Council of Nicæa, where it was cited to prove that Eusebius was a heretic. Eusebius survived him long enough to write his Life and two treatises against Marcellus, but by the summer of 341 he was already dead, since it was his successor, Acacius, who assisted as Bishop of Cæsarea at a synod held at Antioch in the summer of that year. (6) The Life of Constantine, in four books. Eusebius' own surviving works probably only represent a small portion of his total output. c. (29) Commentary on St. Luke, of which what seem to be extracts are preserved. We now pass to three books, of which nothing is known save that they were read by Photius, viz. Mr. Gifford, in the introduction to his translation of the "Præp. "As soon as he leaves the harbor he runs his ship aground. In the last three books the comparison of Moses with Plato is continued, and the mutual contradictions of other Greek Philosophers, especially the Peripatetics and Stoics, are exposed and criticized.". It is a vital matter with writers of the school of Kattenbusch not to accept what seems the natural interpretation of Eusebius's words, viz., that the creed he read before the council was actually the one he had always used. Hayward. (23 to 28) Commentaries on other books of Holy Scripture, of some of which what may be extracts are preserved. Litz, 1897, p. 300), Preuschen returns to his original idea, and further suggests that the shorter form must have been joined to the Church History by some copyist who had access to Eusebius's manuscripts Harnack (Chronologie, 11, 115) holds to the priority of the longer form, but he thinks that the shorter form was composed almost at the same time for readers of the Church History. Arian. Eusebius survived him long enough to write his Life and two treatises against Marcellus, but by the summer of 341 he was already dead, since it was his successor, Acacius, who assisted as Bishop of Cæsarea at a synod held at Antioch in the summer of that year. When, where, or how he escaped death or any kind of mutilation, we do not know. The translation given here is Dr. Hort's. 403 sqq., and ibid. in "Dict. The best known among them were Eusebius of Nicomedia (called by Arius the brother of Eusebius of Cæsarea), Eusebius of Emesa, and Eusebius of Samosata. Pamphilus came to be persecuted by the Romans for his beliefs and died in martyrdom in 310. At some time during the last twenty years of the third century he visited Antioch, where he made the acquaintance of the priest Dorotheus, and heard him expound the Scriptures (Church History VII.32). According to Duchesne (Hist. He was a Bishop included in the Arab Caliphate in Phoenicia. (18) The labours of Pamphilus and Eusebius in editing the Septuagint have already been spoken of. He had many enemies, yet the charge of cowardice was never seriously made — the best proof that it could not have been sustained. Some scholars have supposed that the Codex Sinaiticus was one of these copies. and post-Nic. In interpreting the verse `I said to the Lord, Thou art my Lord,' he has strayed far away from the true sense, for this is what he says: `By the laws of nature every son's father must be his lord; wherefore God who begat him must be at the same time God, Lord, and Father of the only-begotten Son of God.' 5. A facsimile of the original will be found in Mai's "Bib. From these data Lightfoot concludes that what we now possess formed "part of a larger work in which the sufferings of the Martyrs were set off against the deaths of the persecutors". VI, pp. I. In 296 he saw for the first time the future Emperor Constantine, as he passed through Palestine in the company of Diocletian (Vit. I. Another famous church father is Eusebius of Nicomedia. "This work seems to have been a general introduction to theology, and its contents were very miscellaneous as the extant remains show" (L., p. 339). There are also a few fragments of the remaining books. There is, of course, the question of priority. He was a pupil at Antioch of Lucian the Martyr, in whose famous school he learned his Arian doctrines Catholic Encyclopedia. Eusebius Of Caesarea Ecclesiastical History Versions. The empire is divided among his three sons: Constantius in the east, Constantine II takes Britain and Gaul, and Constans is over Italy and Illyricum. (Swete, vol. This seems to have been the opening address delivered at the Council of Nicæa. A long fragment of it was discovered by Mai. Except for a few fragments of the original, this work is only extant in a Syriac version discovered by Tattam, edited by Lee in 1842, and translated by the same in 1843. (5) The Church History. (35) "Against Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra", and (36) "On the Theology of the Church", a refutation of Marcellus. In 1894, in the Theologische Literaturzeitung (p. 464) Preuschen threw out the idea that the shorter form was merely a rough draft not intended for publication. He argues further that Pamphilus, in order to make Eusebius his heir, took the necessary step of adopting him. And again, a little farther on, that there is also a certain essence, living and subsisting before the world, which ministers to the God and Father of the universe for the creation of things that are created. Concerning Eusebius's parentage we know absolutely nothing; but the fact that he escaped with a short term of imprisonment during the terrible Diocletian persecution, when his master Pamphilus and others of his companions suffered martyrdom, suggests that he belonged to a family of some influence and importance. This Life is especially valuable because of the account it gives of the Council of Nicæa and the earlier phases of the Arian controversy. . (48) To the Church of Cæsarea after the Council of Nicæa. Ecclesiastical approbation. He was a great friend to indigent students, supplying them to the best of his ability with the necessaries of life, and bestowing on them copies of the Holy Scripture. Theodoritus, in his Interpretation of the Epistle of Paul to the Hebrews, speaking of the Arians, writes as follows: "If not even this is sufficient to persuade them, it at least behooves them to believe Eusebius of Palestine, whom they call the chief advocate of their own doctrines.". Lightfoot rejects this view chiefly on the ground that "the Text of the codex in many respects differs too widely from the readings found in Eusebius". But he also accused the Arians, since, in saying that 'the Son did not exist before that he was begotten,' they also deny that he existed before Mary. LXVIII.). This work is referred to by Eusebius twice, in the "Præp. In 331 Eusebius was among the bishops who, at a synod held in Antioch, deposed Eustathius. I, p. 231). ", pp. At the request of Arius, Eusebius of Cæsarea and others met together in Palestine, and authorized him to return to the Church which he had governed in Alexandria. 212.) Arguing from St. Pamphilus was certainly not idle in prison. Pat. See if cause is not immediately given them again to attack and to misrepresent whatever they please. Extracts from the original are preserved. "Eusebius of Cæsarea." (23 to 28) Commentaries on other books of Holy Scripture, of some of which what may be extracts are preserved. Ev. In 334 and 335 he took part in the campaign against St. Athanasius at the synods held in Cæsarea and Tyre respectively. Vol. Also Solomon, in the person of the wisdom of God, says, `The Lord created me in the beginning of his ways,' etc., and farther on he says: And besides all this, as the pre-existent word of God, who also preëxisted before all ages created, he received divine honor from the Father, and is worshipped as God. There are two distinct forms of this work, both drawn up by Eusebius. These things, however, are not described accurately or clearly; it would seem then that he is ashamed, as it were, and does not wish to make public the vote cast against Arius in the Synod, and the just retribution of those who were his companions in impiety and who were cast out together with him. But if He who is is not the only one, but there was also a Son existing, how did He who is beget him who was existing? But there were also present Meletians, the chief accusers of Athanasius. APA citation. Testimonies of the Ancients in Favor of Eusebius. Evang. ", IV, p. 218, and in Migne. A little curious about his own books? Eusebius is, however, even in this work, like himself in diction, except that his discourse has risen to a somewhat more than usual brilliancy, and that sometimes he has made use of more flowery expressions than he is wont. Lightfoot speaks very highly of this commentary. (Swete, vol. ", "So now, that we may not seem to be trampling upon the man,-concerning whom it is not our purpose for the present to speak,-examining into the accuracy of his Apology, we may go on to show that both were heretics, both he who composed the Apology, and he in whose behalf it was composed. There are entire passages which are almost verbatim the same in both works. These were written during the persecution. It was therefore desirable to keep down the price of copies. We may assume that, as soon as the persecution began to relax, Eusebius succeeded Pamphilus in the charge of the college and library. (Mart. Gressel, who has edited the "Theophania" for the Berlin edition of the Greek Fathers, takes the opposite view. the fate of the persecutors) added, the old matter had to be somewhat curtailed. At some time during the last twenty years of the third century he visited Antioch, where he made the acquaintance of the priest Dorotheus, and heard him expound the Scriptures (Church History VII.32). to O. T. in Greek", pp. A long fragment of it was discovered by Mai. For a general introduction to the Life of Constantine, please see the commentary on I.8.. But other interpretations of this document are given, one of which destroys, while the other diminishes, its biographical value: (a) According to some the creed proferred by Eusebius was drawn up as a formula to be subscribed by all the bishops. Eusebius of Nicomedia (d. 342) is most remembered for his integral role in the Arian controversy. From the Epistle of Arius to Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia (in Theodoret's Eccles. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York. ", pp. But if he entertained such hopes they were soon disappointed. Eusebius of Caesarea was born in Palestine, and little if anything is known of his early life and conversion. Wissenschaft" (vol. This work gives a short biography of each Prophet and an account of his prophecies. It was, in view of the actual state of the controversy, a colourless, or what at the present day would be called a comprehensive, formula. The book, in both forms, was intended for popular reading. In consequence of these misunderstandings, each of them wrote volumes as if contending against adversaries: and although it was admitted on both sides that the Son of God has a distinct person and existence, and all acknowledged that there is one God in a Trinity of Persons; yet, from what cause I am unable to divine, they could not agree among themselves, and therefore were never at peace.". Towards the end of 307 Pamphilus was arrested, horribly tortured, and consigned to prison. Eusebius does not "indirectly confess", but openly avows, that he passes over certain scandals, and he enumerates them and denounces them. The passage just quoted shows that the date of Eusebius's birth is more than a merely curious question. This Life is especially valuable because of the account it gives of the Council of Nicæa and the earlier phases of the Arian controversy. Th. Athanas., "Apol. Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, excommunicated Arius about the year 320. 2006. Hist. Remy Lafort, Censor. . For the episcopal lists in the Church History, see article on the Chronicle. Evang. If this was to be done, and new matter (i.e. In the very beginning of his book, where he quotes David as saying, `He spake and they were made, he commanded and they were estab- lished,' he says that the Father and Maker is to be considered as maker and universal ruler, governing by a kingly nod, and that the second after him in authority, the divine Word, is subject to the commands of the Father. (1) the following is prefixed to Ezechiel in the codex Marchalianus. Eusebius (c.260–c.340).Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine and church historian. At a date which cannot be fixed Eusebius made the acquaintance of Pamphilus, the founder of the magnificent library which remained for several centuries the great glory of the Church of Cæsarea. ", Jerome, in his Epistle to Ctesiphon against the Pelagians, "He did this in the name of the holy martyr Pamphilus, that he might designate with the name of the martyr Pamphilus the first of the six books in defense of Origen which were written by Eusebius of Caesarea, whom every one knows to have been an Arian. I. For in many places in the above-mentioned work he seems to be following after Arius. This letter has already been described. f Not to be confused with Eusebius of Nicomedia, St. Eusebius of Vercelli, or Pope St. Eusebius We believe in one only God, Father Almighty, Creator of things visible and invisible; and in the Lord Jesus Christ, for he is the Word of God, God of God, Light of Light, life of life, his only Son, the first- Christ. nov. His relations, later on, with the Emperor Constantine point to the same conclusion. For if He who is is one, it is plain that everything has been made by Him and after Him. The same, in his First Book against Rufinus, "Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea, of whom I have made mention above, in the sixth book of his Apology in behalf of Origen, lays this same charge against Methodius the bishop and martyr, which you lay against me in my praises [of him]; he says: "How did Methodius dare to write against Origen after having said this and that concerning his opinions?' There are assorted notices of his activities in the writings of his contemporaries Athanasius, Arius, Euseb… This work is generally known as the "De Laudibus Constantini". Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon.He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Biblical text. (7) Against Hierocles. Lit. 7. Eusebius Pamphili, better known as Eusebius of Caesarea, had the encyclopedic interests of ancient scholars. pointed out that this creed was presumably that of the Church of Cæsarea of which Eusebius was bishop. Eusebius's "diction", as Photius said, "is never pleasant nor clear". ", viii, 1). Living during the period of transition, when the old order was changing and all connected with it was passing into oblivion, he came forward at the critical moment with his immense stores of learning and preserved priceless treasures of Christian antiquity. Bruno Violet, in his "Die Palästinischen Martyrer" (Texte u. Pal. They "believed (as did St. Jerome nearly a century afterwards) that Origen had succeeded in restoring the old Greek version to its primitive purity". Some scholars have supposed that the Codex Sinaiticus was one of these copies. de l'Église, II, 132), Arius, like Origen before him, found an asylum at Cæsarea. In a review of Violet (Theolog. Eusebius was baptized and ordained at Caesarea, where he was taught by the learned presbyter Pamphilus, to whom he was bound by ties of respect and affection and from whom he derived the name “Eusebius Pamphili” (the son or servant of Pamphilus). It was they who were to say that it embodied what they had been taught as catechumens and had taught as priests and bishops. None of these things he brings to the light, nor has he drawn up an account of the Synod and the things that were done in it. 5). Although popularly known as "The Father of Church History" because of his ten volumes on the history of the Christian Church from New Testament times to just before the Council of Nicea, Eusebius was an omnibus writer. (17) Sections and Canons. (34) The Apology for Origen. It consisted of six books, the last of which was added by Eusebius. Ecclesiastical approbation. The ninth book was completed between the defeat of Maxentius in 312, and Constantine's first rupture with Licinius in 314. 340) was a bishop, philologist, and scholar who is remembered most for being the first major historian of the church. Shortly after the Great Persecution ended, around the time of Constantine’s conversion and the Edict of Milan, Eusebius was elected Bishop of Caesarea (around A.D. 315), where he served for many years until his death. David J. Collins, S.J. Contact information. (37) "On the Paschal Festival" (a mystical interpretation). Epiphanius in the Heresy of the Meletians (Haer. The "Præparatio" is devoted to the first of these objects. "Eusebius Pamphili, a devotee of the Arian heresy, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, a man zealous in the study of the holy Scriptures, and along with Pamphilus the martyr a most careful investigator of sacred literature, has published many books, among which are the following."10. Eusebius prevented any of the bishops at Jerusalem from going to Constantinople, save those he could trust, Eusebius of Cæsarea, Theognis of Nicæa, Patrophilus of Scythopolis and the two young Pannonian bishops Ursacius and Valens, who were to continue Eusebius's policy long after his death. Apologetic However, of pleasantness and beauty of expression there is little, as indeed is the case in his other works. It treats of the cosmic function of the Word, the nature of man, the need of revelation, etc. Eusebius of Caesarea (/ juː ˈ s iː b i ə s /; Greek: Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας, Eusébios tés Kaisareías; AD 260/265 – 339/340), also known as Eusebius Pamphili (from the Greek: Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμϕίλου), was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist.He became the bishop of Caesarea … Const., I, 19). We now pass to three books, of which nothing is known save that they were read by Photius, viz. (35) "Against Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra", and (36) "On the Theology of the Church", a refutation of Marcellus. It seems probable that part of the missing conclusion is extant in the form of an appendix to the eighth book of the Church History found in several manuscripts This appendix contrasts the miserable fate of the persecutors with the good fortune of Constantine and his father. Lightfoot, art. (3) On the Martyrs of Palestine. Arian. ", "Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, accuses Eusebius Pamphilus of perverting the Nicene Creed; but Eusebius denies that he violates that exposition of the faith, and recriminates, saying that Eustathius was a defender of the opinion of Sabellius. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05617b.htm. to O. T. in Greek", pp. He compares the parallel passages and argues that they are improved in the "De Laudibus Constantini". Answer: Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 260–c. (8) "Against Porphyry", a work in twenty-five books of which not a fragment survives. ", VIII, 1143-1147; Mansi, "Conc. These things are found thus narrated by some; but he makes them to appear doubtful by certain things which he is seen to have written in his Ecclesiastical History. He also divided the Gospels into sections numbered continuously. There is no ground whatever for the charge that Eusebius forged or interpolated the passage from Josephus relating to our Lord quoted in Church History I.11, though Heinchen is disposed to entertain the charge. Constantia asked Eusebius to send her a certain likeness of Christ of which she had heard; his refusal was couched in terms which centuries afterwards were appealed to by the Iconoclasts. The Discrepancies were largely borrowed from by St. Jerome and St. Ambrose, and have thus indirectly exercised a considerable influence on Biblical studies. Gressel, who has edited the "Theophania" for the Berlin edition of the Greek Fathers, takes the opposite view. This seems to have been the view generally held before Hort, and was Kattenbusch's view in 1804 (Das apostolische Symbol, vol. The following year Constantine died. It is not a literary work which can be read with any pleasure for the sake of its style. Photius, in his 144th Epistle to Constantine. He was subsequently made Bishop of Nicomedia where the Imperial court lived. St Jerome also occasionally used the name Eusebii. A curious literary problem arises out of the relations between the "Theophania" and the work "De Laudibus Constantini". (19) (a) Interpretation of the ethnological terms in the Hebrew Scriptures; (b) Chronography of Ancient Judaea with the Inheritances of the Ten Tribes; (c) A plan of Jerusalem and the Temple; (d) on the Names of Places in the Holy Scripture. He says that Constantine the Great himself also was baptized in Nicomedia, he having put off his baptism until then, because he desired to be baptized in the Jordan. 554 sqq. Books VII-IX give reasons for preferring the religion of the Hebrews founded chiefly on the testimony of various authors to the excellency of their Scriptures and the truth of their history. In two articles in the "Zeitschrift für die Neutest. The tenth book of the Church History records the defeat of Licinius in 323, and must have been completed before the death and disgrace of Crispus in 326, for it refers to him as Constantine's "most pious son". Ev. Between 325 and 330 a heated controversy took place between Eusebius and Eustathius, Bishop of Antioch. ", VII, 8; and also (Lightfoot and Harnack think) by St. Several of his Ecclesiastical History: Toward a Focused Debate, David J. 3. Referred to by Eusebius twice, in both works treats of the Jews are discussed of Eusebius ) support... And Tyre respectively several of his he shows that he was the Bishop Berytus... 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